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all right welcome everybody to the

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digital learning network here at nasa's

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johnson space center we have endeavour

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elementary school

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from cocoa florida they're actually

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going to be connecting to mission

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control the international space station

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flight control room now i'd like to

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introduce folks inside mission control

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we have public affairs officer pat ryan

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and

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miss laura beachy who is an ethos

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officer inside mission control so now

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let's go ahead and take away go ahead

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and miss control and talk to the

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students thank you michael uh i'm pat

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ryan with the public affairs office here

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at the johnson space center in houston

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and with me is laura beachy she is one

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of the ethos officers who is a member of

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the flight control team that is watching

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over the international space station as

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it flies laura explain quickly for us

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what an ethos officer does what parts of

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the station are you are you working with

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so i'm working with the environmental

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and thermal aspects we keep the space

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station at a

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certain pressure and temperature for

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crew comfort

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all of the equipment that's power

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generates heat so we have a water

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cooling system that takes the heat away

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from all of that equipment

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we manage iss emergencies if a fire were

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to occur on board or let's say we were

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to get hit by a piece of space debris

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and start losing pressure then we help

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the crew safe themselves and potentially

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try to isolate the leaking module we

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take care of if a toxic spill occurs we

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help lead the crew to safety and guide

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the team

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on the right steps to take to keep the

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crew and the vehicle safe

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we we provide for experiments that come

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out of marshall we provide them with

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smoke detection

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access to

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space

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for any experiments that want the vet to

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use the vacuum system

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um it's a really cool job and we get to

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do a lot of coordinating with our ips a

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lot of different places uh so there's a

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good idea of what laura does here and i

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think we're ready to take your questions

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when the astronauts breathe on the space

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a little louder

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i think your question was what happens

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to the carbon dioxide when the

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astronauts breathe on the station but

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yeah a little louder the next will will

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help us what does happen to the carbon

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dioxide so we have two systems that

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collect the carbon dioxide there's one

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on the russian segment and one on the us

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on the russian segment we have the vas

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duke and on the u.s segment it's we call

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it this sidra so both of those systems

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can collect all the co2 out of the air

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that pass through them and then we hold

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on to them in these beds and then

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eventually it gets

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dumped overboard or on the u.s side we

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can actually take some of that co2 back

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and recombine it with hydrogen and make

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okay next question

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um

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wow

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do you work alone no i work with a lot

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of people so you can see um in in the

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videos of the control center there's a

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lot of people in the room that we all

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work together with and then even at my

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console there's i have a whole team of

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people that we take turns working at the

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console we take turns you know doing our

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paperwork and all our coordination so

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there in the view you can see

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gosh at least

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10 or 15 people that are in the room

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right now we're all working together for

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the same goal and each of those people

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that you see that are in this room right

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now are working on a different

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part of the space station working on

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watching different systems and each one

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of them has another team of people in

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another room in the building somewhere

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that are helping them keep up with

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how is the cabin atmosphere

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so we fly nitrogen and oxygen up to

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space station to keep this station

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pressurized

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and then we also have two pieces of

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equipment that can generate oxygen we've

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got the electron on the russian segment

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and the oga on the u.s segment so we can

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constantly make oxygen and then we've

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also got this stored nitrogen that we

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can add in when we need to

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we can bring

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oxygen up but that costs it's heavy and

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it costs a lot of money to fly things in

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space and that's why we have systems

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that can make it out of the things that

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how do they take showers in space

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so that's a really good question they

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don't yeah really they don't um most the

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crew members just sort of have to wipe

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themselves down with a cloth so it's

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just soap and water and you kind of just

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can they sweat in space

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yes the crew members can definitely

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sweat in space

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the sweat acts a little bit differently

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it kind of will stick to their skin

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because of all the surface tension and

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then can can all the water can collect

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and then they have to wipe themselves

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off with a towel to get it and then we

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actually

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take that sweat and collect it and then

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we can reprocess it into clean drinking

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why is the air taken out of the food

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packages

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so

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answer that question well the biggest

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reason is that that's how they can store

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it for a long period of time

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as i was saying before about oxygen

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anything that you bring up to the

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station it it's difficult to get things

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up in space and that includes the food

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but food is very important you have to

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have it so you

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send a lot of food that is made to be

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able to to last on board for a long

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period of time it can be up there for

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years before it's eaten and you take the

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air out of those packages so that it

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doesn't doesn't spoil while you're

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waiting for it to be eaten

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there's actually different kinds of food

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there's some of it that comes up in

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other kinds of packaging and they have a

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lot real variety of food but

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the

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why is it important for humans to

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explore space oh that's a great question

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so

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goal and drive to learn everything and

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all we can and i think space exploration

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just gives us an opportunity to satisfy

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that goal to learn as much as we can

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we're learning a lot about the history

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of the solar system and the history of

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our planet by exploring space

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just iss in particular gives us an

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opportunity to work with our

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international partners for a common goal

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and all work together for something

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um

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and on iss we're doing we're learning a

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lot about you know

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the way that humans adapt in extreme

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environments for the body and the mind

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and we're doing a lot of research on

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medicine

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how and how things like fire fire reacts

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in space and all of that is helping us

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to understand just

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our bodies and systems more even on

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why why is there a satellite on your

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mission path

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are you um which mission which mission

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and the one in space

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is that the expedition 39 patch because

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i know that there's a actually there's a

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star above the uh

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above the international space station on

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that patch

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patches has

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all the crew members names and it has

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an image of the station and the soyuz

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vehicle that takes them there and that

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star that's above it on that patch is

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meant to represent explorations of the

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future

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as laura was saying before we want to

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explore space to go find out what's out

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there and there are going to be future

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explorations that go beyond this space

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station go beyond

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they're going to go back to the moon and

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go to asteroids and go to mars and go to

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other places and all of that is

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represented by that star on the

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how can oxygen start a fiery

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so

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oxygen itself won't start the fire it

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also needs so we need the oxygen we need

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some kind of ignition source like a

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spark or a match

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and then we need something to fuel the

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fire that would actually burn like some

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clothing or what would act as as your

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wood in your fireplace on the ground

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so you need all those three pieces i

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mean we take a lot of precautions on

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board to make sure that those three legs

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of the fire triangle

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don't won't

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combine yeah and start a fire and then

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our fire fighting tactics involve trying

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to eliminate one of those three legs we

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can take out the oxygen source or we try

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to try to eliminate the spark or take

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away whatever it is that's burning

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oxygen could be a part of a fire in

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space just like it could be a part of a

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fire on earth but it doesn't burn just

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all by itself it has to be something

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else there that's right and we we take a

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lot of precautions with the materials

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that we fly on board to make sure that

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they're not fire propagating and

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managing our oxygen levels that they

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don't get too high

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why do astronauts train in space

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are they you want to ask the question

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again i mean training water

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that's training water

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yeah so um the crew trains at the nbl

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down here in houston and

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the training underwater gives them an

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opportunity to experience

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as close to weightlessness as possible

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so we've got this huge above

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for them to get in that they have enough

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space to put on their suits we've got a

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mock-up of iss under the water and so

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that's just that's as close as we can

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get here on earth where we have gravity

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to the feeling like there's no gravity

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it's a way to to make it feel like

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you're weightless for an extended period

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of time we have another way to make

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people feel weightless for really short

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periods of time when they fly on an

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airplane that does a parabola and at the

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top of that arc

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people inside it experience

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weightlessness but only for about 20

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seconds at a time or so under water they

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can feel pretty much like they're

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why does air pressure change when door

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so when when a door lock is opened um

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i think maybe what you're referring to

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is that there could be

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two different pressures on either side

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of a door so if a lock is open then you

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allow a pathway for air to pass through

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and then for the two

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pressures on either side to equalize so

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then you feel

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that feeling of of

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maybe if you're on the side of the door

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at the higher pressure

281
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you lose a little bit of pressure

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because it'll go down to the lower side

283
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or if you're on the side with the lower

284
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maybe you you feel that that burst or

285
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that moment where the the pressure is

286
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equalizing and your pressure on your

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side is getting a little higher

288
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but naturally the the air pressure is

289
00:12:51,670 --> 00:12:49,920
going to seek a lower it's going to it's

290
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going to try to even out i can't take

291
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the right scientific word for it

292
00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:54,800
equalize it's going to try to get

293
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equalized so if you have high and low

294
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pressures at this at the same place

295
00:13:05,110 --> 00:12:59,920
they're going to try to get back to the

296
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what does internal

297
00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:12,389
and so i think you might mean in

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00:13:16,629 --> 00:13:14,160
reference to what i do the internal

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00:13:19,509 --> 00:13:16,639
thermal control system so for the

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internal thermal control system um

301
00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:20,959
that system where we have all these

302
00:13:25,509 --> 00:13:22,720
water loops running through the space

303
00:13:27,190 --> 00:13:25,519
station and we collect the heat from all

304
00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:27,200
the batteries and all the equipment that

305
00:13:31,829 --> 00:13:29,440
generates heat on the space station so

306
00:13:34,790 --> 00:13:31,839
we collect it in our water loop

307
00:13:36,629 --> 00:13:34,800
and then it comes to

308
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we call it an interface heat exchanger

309
00:13:42,550 --> 00:13:39,760
but so our warmed up water lines will

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then flow past really cold ammonia lines

311
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and we transfer our heat to the external

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thermal control system where it'll then

313
00:14:04,870 --> 00:14:03,350
how do you stay warm or cool in space

314
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:04,880
well it helps to be cool to start with

315
00:14:07,350 --> 00:14:06,000
it does

316
00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:07,360
and then on

317
00:14:10,550 --> 00:14:08,959
on the space station

318
00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:10,560
there's actually air conditioners in a

319
00:14:13,750 --> 00:14:12,320
lot of the modules just like

320
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:13,760
you have at home

321
00:14:17,670 --> 00:14:15,040
well of course they're set up a little

322
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:17,680
bit differently but so the the space

323
00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:19,920
station itself

324
00:14:23,670 --> 00:14:21,760
there's a lot of heat from the equipment

325
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that's running from the crew members

326
00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:25,440
just body heat

327
00:14:29,350 --> 00:14:26,880
and then we run

328
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:29,360
our air conditioners and and collect all

329
00:14:33,030 --> 00:14:30,880
that heat to keep things cool for the

330
00:14:35,189 --> 00:14:33,040
astronauts and they can call down and

331
00:14:37,269 --> 00:14:35,199
tell us you know hey i'm too cold can

332
00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:37,279
you make it warmer in here um and we can

333
00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:38,800
we can send some commands and adjust

334
00:14:41,750 --> 00:14:40,480
things for them or they can you know

335
00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:41,760
tell us they're too

336
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:52,870
what do you enjoy most about your job

337
00:14:57,590 --> 00:14:53,829
so

338
00:14:58,949 --> 00:14:57,600
for me i i love the opportunities to

339
00:15:00,710 --> 00:14:58,959
coordinate with the international

340
00:15:03,509 --> 00:15:00,720
partners so we work with the russians

341
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:03,519
the europeans the japanese every day

342
00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:05,600
i really like that

343
00:15:09,590 --> 00:15:07,040
i also definitely work with some of the

344
00:15:12,150 --> 00:15:09,600
smartest people in the world and we get

345
00:15:13,509 --> 00:15:12,160
opportunities to be really creative and

346
00:15:15,269 --> 00:15:13,519
innovative if

347
00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:15,279
something breaks then we can all get

348
00:15:18,949 --> 00:15:16,800
together and

349
00:15:21,990 --> 00:15:18,959
you know think about the the coolest

350
00:15:24,069 --> 00:15:22,000
ideas to fix it and really we get a lot

351
00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:24,079
of opportunities to think outside the

352
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:28,000
box and use equipment for things that it

353
00:15:31,910 --> 00:15:30,160
wasn't necessarily designed or created

354
00:15:33,990 --> 00:15:31,920
to do

355
00:15:36,230 --> 00:15:34,000
i just i really love that it's a really

356
00:15:37,670 --> 00:15:36,240
fun job it's really dynamic so it keeps

357
00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:37,680
you on your toes it's constantly

358
00:15:47,269 --> 00:15:44,470
who or what inspired you to pursue your

359
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:50,550
so when i was in high school i had a

360
00:15:57,430 --> 00:15:51,680
really

361
00:16:01,990 --> 00:15:57,440
a lot of

362
00:16:03,189 --> 00:16:02,000
class to show us how fun physics could

363
00:16:06,790 --> 00:16:03,199
really be

364
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:06,800
so i opted to pursue physics in college

365
00:16:12,550 --> 00:16:10,160
and while there i developed a strong

366
00:16:14,710 --> 00:16:12,560
interest in biophysics and also

367
00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:14,720
astrophysics so after graduating there

368
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,120
was really no place else to go so here

369
00:16:22,150 --> 00:16:19,920
at nasa i can explore my you know my

370
00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:22,160
astrophysics interests and then for me

371
00:16:26,629 --> 00:16:25,040
ethos was kind of the perfect place to

372
00:16:32,389 --> 00:16:26,639
to learn a little bit about biophysics

373
00:16:37,030 --> 00:16:36,230
what is the average temperature in space

374
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:37,040
so

375
00:16:41,269 --> 00:16:39,759
space can get really really cold and and

376
00:16:45,030 --> 00:16:41,279
really really hot i've heard it can get

377
00:16:47,509 --> 00:16:45,040
to negative 450 fahrenheit and up to 450

378
00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:47,519
or 350 fahrenheit

379
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:49,680
so it really depends on

380
00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:52,800
where you are relative to the sun and

381
00:16:57,430 --> 00:16:55,759
whether or not the sun is shining on you

382
00:16:59,749 --> 00:16:57,440
at that moment we've even heard

383
00:17:01,749 --> 00:16:59,759
astronauts who are outside the station

384
00:17:03,189 --> 00:17:01,759
during spacewalks

385
00:17:05,590 --> 00:17:03,199
talk about how

386
00:17:08,309 --> 00:17:05,600
they can feel a dramatic change just as

387
00:17:12,069 --> 00:17:08,319
the station moves from in the sun to in

388
00:17:14,470 --> 00:17:12,079
the shade from from sun uh in sun to sun

389
00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:14,480
down where sunrise again in the morning

390
00:17:18,630 --> 00:17:16,480
and they have to have heaters in their

391
00:17:20,150 --> 00:17:18,640
gloves and then their suits turned on to

392
00:17:21,350 --> 00:17:20,160
to compensate for it because it can

393
00:17:22,870 --> 00:17:21,360
change

394
00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:22,880
temperature outside around them can

395
00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:25,280
change by about 600 degrees in a matter

396
00:17:28,230 --> 00:17:26,880
of just a few minutes yeah i've heard

397
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:28,240
that too even with like with their eyes

398
00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:29,840
closed and their visors down you can

399
00:17:39,350 --> 00:17:35,990
how much does sunlight affect the

400
00:17:42,710 --> 00:17:41,029
yeah so that's a great follow-up

401
00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:42,720
question because the the sunlight is

402
00:17:47,190 --> 00:17:45,039
really what drastically makes an impact

403
00:17:49,909 --> 00:17:47,200
and and is really the only the only way

404
00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:49,919
to warm up this base around around the

405
00:18:00,870 --> 00:17:57,430
how much of wastewater are you able to

406
00:18:02,390 --> 00:18:00,880
reuse or recycle

407
00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:02,400
how much wastewater were we able to

408
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:06,160
reuse ah yes so i've heard a stat that

409
00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:08,400
we are able to recycle

410
00:18:11,909 --> 00:18:10,400
more than 90 percent of our wastewater

411
00:18:14,630 --> 00:18:11,919
now and that's with all of our our

412
00:18:17,669 --> 00:18:14,640
systems operating properly so we have a

413
00:18:20,789 --> 00:18:17,679
system called the regenerative eclipse

414
00:18:23,669 --> 00:18:20,799
system and so we can collect urine and

415
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:23,679
reprocess it into really clean water

416
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:26,080
that sweat that we talked about earlier

417
00:18:31,669 --> 00:18:28,480
the carbon dioxide to make more water

418
00:18:33,750 --> 00:18:31,679
and make more solutions in the air

419
00:18:35,830 --> 00:18:33,760
bring out their towels

420
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:35,840
yep everything yeah and that's really

421
00:18:40,150 --> 00:18:38,160
important um because we we end up saving

422
00:18:44,150 --> 00:18:40,160
a lot of money so we don't have to to

423
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:44,160
fly up water and we save a lot of space

424
00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:46,000
the space is very limited on the space

425
00:18:49,909 --> 00:18:47,840
station so that way we don't have to

426
00:18:51,110 --> 00:18:49,919
store it and we can put other more

427
00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:51,120
important pieces of equipment there

428
00:18:55,669 --> 00:18:53,760
instead and and just as important for

429
00:18:57,750 --> 00:18:55,679
future missions when we're going to go

430
00:18:59,830 --> 00:18:57,760
far away from earth and can't keep

431
00:19:02,630 --> 00:18:59,840
sending up supplies we have to come up

432
00:19:04,870 --> 00:19:02,640
with a system in which we can reuse all

433
00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:04,880
the things that are there

434
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:06,960
if a ship that's on its way to mars or

435
00:19:10,630 --> 00:19:08,880
someplace can't wait for another

436
00:19:11,909 --> 00:19:10,640
shipment of supplies from earth so

437
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:11,919
that's why we're developing these

438
00:19:16,710 --> 00:19:13,840
systems on the space station in order to

439
00:19:19,029 --> 00:19:16,720
be able to have a way to keep astronauts

440
00:19:24,549 --> 00:19:19,039
safe and and well supplied when they

441
00:19:30,470 --> 00:19:26,630
how much water do they use

442
00:19:32,630 --> 00:19:30,480
on the iss each day

443
00:19:35,669 --> 00:19:32,640
so we use a lot of water

444
00:19:38,230 --> 00:19:35,679
as an ethos we try to take into account

445
00:19:40,549 --> 00:19:38,240
that on average a crew member may drink

446
00:19:41,430 --> 00:19:40,559
about two and a half liters of water a

447
00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:41,440
day

448
00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:42,480
so that's

449
00:19:46,549 --> 00:19:44,640
more than one of your soda bottles on

450
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:46,559
the ground um

451
00:19:51,510 --> 00:19:49,360
so with with six people two and a half

452
00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:51,520
liters of water a day let's see that's

453
00:19:55,990 --> 00:19:52,960
what 12

454
00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:56,000
15 15 liters of water per day and then

455
00:20:00,470 --> 00:19:58,880
that's split between the us crew members

456
00:20:02,470 --> 00:20:00,480
and and the russian crew members so we

457
00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:02,480
work together to to make sure that all

458
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:04,880
of our crew members have enough water

459
00:20:11,590 --> 00:20:08,000
always but in and then as you said

460
00:20:14,070 --> 00:20:11,600
90 percent or so of that 15 liters gets

461
00:20:16,870 --> 00:20:14,080
reused it gets recycled so we don't have

462
00:20:19,270 --> 00:20:16,880
to supply a new 15 liters every day

463
00:20:21,590 --> 00:20:19,280
right that's right we just got a new

464
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:21,600
experiment on board the the veggie

465
00:20:26,630 --> 00:20:24,000
payload where the crew is growing

466
00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:26,640
food so now we're having to start

467
00:20:32,830 --> 00:20:28,000
accounting for a little bit more water

468
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:35,350
plants we have one more question if it's

469
00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:40,390
if we have access to all these

470
00:20:45,990 --> 00:20:44,080
technologies in space to transfer waste

471
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:46,000
into water and things like that why

472
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:52,549
well we do use them on earth

473
00:20:55,590 --> 00:20:54,240
some of the special systems that have

474
00:20:58,230 --> 00:20:55,600
been developed on the international

475
00:20:59,190 --> 00:20:58,240
space station are in use on earth right

476
00:21:00,230 --> 00:20:59,200
now

477
00:21:02,149 --> 00:21:00,240
it's a

478
00:21:04,549 --> 00:21:02,159
different philosophical and in some

479
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:04,559
cases a political question in different

480
00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:06,720
areas of the world about why they don't

481
00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:09,760
use them more than they do right now

482
00:21:13,430 --> 00:21:11,120
but in fact

483
00:21:15,110 --> 00:21:13,440
the the water purification system that

484
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:15,120
laura was talking about

485
00:21:19,750 --> 00:21:17,600
is in use in in places on the earth

486
00:21:22,230 --> 00:21:19,760
right now and especially

487
00:21:23,750 --> 00:21:22,240
because it's a fairly compact system has

488
00:21:26,230 --> 00:21:23,760
been able to be

489
00:21:28,549 --> 00:21:26,240
distributed in areas of the world where

490
00:21:31,029 --> 00:21:28,559
they don't have and can't afford their

491
00:21:33,350 --> 00:21:31,039
own systems so that the station

492
00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:33,360
science and the station technology is

493
00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:35,200
being used to help people on earth right

494
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:36,000
now

495
00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:37,840
yep that's right and some of our systems

496
00:21:40,310 --> 00:21:38,880
kind of do

497
00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:40,320
what our earth's atmosphere does in

498
00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:42,640
terms of evaporation and then it rains

499
00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:45,120
and condensation and we we package that

500
00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:47,760
into a small box

501
00:21:53,990 --> 00:21:50,480
and to make it do what our huge

502
00:21:56,870 --> 00:21:55,430
all right and this is michael here at

503
00:21:59,110 --> 00:21:56,880
the digital learning network again i

504
00:22:01,029 --> 00:21:59,120
want to thank you guys for joining us

505
00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:01,039
today and

506
00:22:04,390 --> 00:22:02,480
endeavor elementary school would you

507
00:22:08,470 --> 00:22:04,400
like to say bye to the folks at mission

508
00:22:11,190 --> 00:22:10,070
all right thanks